Indian Wootz Khanda

The khanda is a straight, double-edged sword that holds great historical and symbolic importance in Indian warfare and religious traditions. It is particularly associated with Sikh warriors, Rajput clans, and Hindu ascetic warriors. Unlike curved Indian swords such as the talwar, the khanda features a broad, straight blade with a blunt tip, making it a powerful slashing weapon that was often used with two hands. Throughout history, the khanda has been a favored weapon in battle, as well as a sacred object representing strength, justice, and divine wisdom.

The origin of the term "khanda" can be traced to the Sanskrit word khaḍga (खड्ग), which means "sword." Ancient texts, such as the Mahabharata and Agni Purana, reference a powerful double-edged sword that resembles the khanda. It was often depicted as a celestial weapon wielded by gods and legendary warriors. In Hindu traditions, the goddess Durga is frequently shown holding a khanda, symbolizing her role as a destroyer of evil forces. The weapon was also used in religious sacrifices and rituals, further elevating its spiritual significance.

The design of the khanda makes it distinct from other Indian swords. It typically has a broad, straight, double-edged blade that widens toward the tip. This unique shape allows for devastating slashes. The hilt of the khanda is usually equipped with a large, dish-shaped guard that protects the user's hand, and some historical examples feature a spiked pommel or a reinforcing bar along the blade’s spine, strengthening its structure. The sword was often used in two-handed combat, making it ideal for powerful downward strikes. Many khandas were ritually strengthened by being dipped in sacred water or engraved with mantras, further reinforcing their symbolic power.

The khanda was widely used among Rajput warriors, Sikh warriors, and Maratha fighters. Rajput clans considered the khanda a symbol of valor and heritage, often displaying it in their coat of arms. It played a significant role in Akhara (martial arts schools) where Hindu warriors practiced Gatka and Kalaripayattu, two traditional fighting styles that incorporated the khanda. During the Mughal period, Hindu ascetics known as Naga Sadhus also wielded khandas, defending temples and religious sites from invaders.

In Sikh tradition, the khanda has deep religious significance. It is prominently featured in the Khanda emblem, which consists of a double-edged sword flanked by two curved talwars and a central circular chakra. This symbol represents spiritual power, justice, and the unity of the Sikh faith. The khanda was also used by the legendary Sikh warrior Guru Gobind Singh, who established the Khalsa order and encouraged Sikhs to take up arms to defend their faith. Many Sikh Nihang warriors carried khandas in battle, and the sword remains a revered object in Sikh ceremonies today.

Apart from its martial use, the khanda was also ceremonial and decorative. Many royal khandas were richly ornamented with gold inlay, intricate floral patterns, and inscriptions from Hindu and Sikh scriptures. Some were embedded with precious stones and gifted to warriors for their bravery. The Mewar royal family of Rajasthan and the Sikh Maharajas of Punjab preserved exquisite khandas as symbols of sovereignty. Several historic khandas are displayed in museums such as the Victoria and Albert Museum in London and the National Museum in New Delhi, showcasing their artistic and martial significance.

This lovely example features a beautiful crafted and koftgari embellished iron hilt.  The wootz blade is further braced with iron mounts also iron damascened.  This particular example is especially unique for the form of its scabbard which is likely fitted with English made mounts, making it an interesting Anglo-Indian relic.

Now sold.